An Examination of the 'Boundary' between Academia and Industry
A Conceptual Framework for Defining the Role of Entrepreneurial Support Personnel in Startup Ecosystem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1353Keywords:
boundary spanners, industry-academia collaboration, organizational boundaries, research commercializationAbstract
This paper aims to define the role of "entrepreneurial support personnel," a key player in Japan's startup ecosystem, focusing on the "boundary" between academia and industry. Through a narrative review of existing literature, this study explores the challenges in industry-academia collaboration, particularly concerning the commercialization of academic research. The analysis reveals that the differing motivations and outcomes between academia and industry create significant boundaries. Universities prioritize research, while industries focus on economic gains. These disparities, coupled with the inherent "stickiness" and "translatability" of knowledge, impede effective collaboration. To bridge these gaps, the concept of "boundary spanner" is introduced. This study proposes that entrepreneurial support personnel act as boundary spanners, fulfilling roles such as defining boundaries, translating information, building collaborative frameworks, and facilitating knowledge flow. They play a crucial role in mitigating conflicts arising from differing organizational identities and objectives. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for empirical research to validate the proposed model and explore the practical implications of boundary spanning in industry-academia collaboration.
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure
The author have no conflicts of interest directly relevant to the content of this article.Downloads *Displays the aggregated results up to the previous day.
References
Aldrich, H., & Herker, D. (1977). Boundary spanning roles and organization structure. Academy of Management Review, 2(2), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.2307/257905
Ankrah, S., & AL-Tabbaa, O. (2015). Universities–industry collaboration: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(3), 387-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2015.02.003
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2001). Knowledge and organization: A social-practice perspective. Organization Science, 12(2), 198-213. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.198.10116
Cabinet Office. (2025). Dai 2-ki sutatoappu ekoshisutemu kyoten keisei senryaku ni muketa kihonteki kangae kata [Basic concept for the second phase startup ecosystem hub formation strategy]. https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/openinnovation/ecosystem/2ndconcept/2nd_concept.pdf (in Japanese).
Carlile, P. R. (2004). Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization Science, 15(5), 555-568. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0094
Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), 386-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x
Dolmans, S. A. M., Walrave, B., Read, S., & Van Stijn, N. (2022). Knowledge transfer to industry: How academic researchers learn to become boundary spanners during academic engagement. Journal of Technology Transfer, 47(5), 1422-1450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-021-09882-1
Funatsu, S. (2020). Seido rojikku tagenshoka ni oite kagaku to jigyo wo ryoritsu saseru soshiki no taio [Organizational Responses to Coexistence of Science and Business under the Multiplicity of Institutional Logic]. Organizational Science, 54(2), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.11207/soshikikagaku.54.2_48 (in Japanese)
Funatsu, S. (2023). Sangaku renkei no soshiki, kojin, shakai (sei) [Organizations, Individuals and Society in University-Industry Collaboration]. Organizational Science, 56(4), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.11207/soshikikagaku.20230712-4 (in Japanese)
Jain, S., George, G., & Maltarich, M. (2009). Academics or entrepreneurs? Investigating role identity modification of university scientists involved in commercialization activity. Research Policy, 38(6), 922-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.02.007
Jesiek, B. K., Mazzurco, A., Buswell, N. T., & Thompson, J. D. (2018). Boundary Spanning and Engineering: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Journal of Engineering Education, 107(3), 380-413. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20219
Kamata, T., & Funakoshi, E. (2024). Nyurodai bashiti to wa nani ka [What is neurodiversity?]. AAOS Transactions, 12(4), 30-44. https://doi.org/10.11207/aaostrans.2024-005 (in Japanese)
Ménard, C. (2004). The economics of hybrid organizations. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 160(3), 345-376.
Murakawa, S., & Tanaka, S. (2024). Kigyo ekoshisutemu keisei ni muketa shien jinzai ikusei puroguramu no chosa kenkyu [Survey for Support Staff Development Program Toward Formation of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem]. Journal of Japan Society for Innovation and Purchasing Management, 21(1), 1_69-1_75. https://doi.org/10.11305/jjsip.21.1_69 (in Japanese)
Nagahira, A. (2000). Sangaku renkei ni yoru seika soshutsu no tame no manejimento [Management for creating results through industry-academia collaboration]. Organizational Science, 34(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.11207/soshikikagaku.20220715-33 (in Japanese)
Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., Fini, R., Geuna, A., Grimaldi, R., Hughes, A., Krabel, S., Kitson, M., Llerena, P., Lissoni, F., Salter, A., & Sobrero, M. (2013). Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university–industry relations. Research Policy, 42(2), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.09.007
Perkmann, M., McKelvey, M., & Phillips, N. (2019). Protecting scientists from gordon gekko: How organizations use hybrid spaces to engage with multiple institutional logics. Organization Science, 30(2), 298-318. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1228
Rosenkopf, L., & Nerkar, A. (2001). Beyond local search: Boundary‐spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22(4), 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.160
Santos, F. M., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2005). Organizational boundaries and theories of organization. Organization Science, 16(5), 491-508. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0152
Singh, J. (2008). Distributed R&D, cross-regional knowledge integration and quality of innovative output. Research Policy, 37(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.09.004
Sugiyama, Y., Osanai, A., Kameoka, K., & Funatsu, S. (2023). Ekkyo kyodo no keiei-gaku: Soshiki to kuni no kyokai o koeta jigyo purosesu [Management of cross-border collaboration: Business processes beyond organizational and national boundaries]. Hakutoshobo. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130016405622063757 (in Japanese)
Szulanski, G. (1996). Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171105
Takada, H. (2020). ”Pasuturu-gata” kenkyusha to daigaku-hatsu bencha no kankei-sei ni kansuru kosatsu [Study on the Relationship between Pasteur-typeResearchers and University Startups]. Kenkū Gijutsu Keikaku [Journal of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management], 35(3), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.20801/jsrpim.35.3_305 (in Japanese)
Teigland, R., & Wasko, M. M. (2003). Integrating knowledge through information trading: Examining the relationship between boundary spanning communication and individual performance*. Decision Sciences, 34(2), 261-286. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5915.02341
Tushman, M. L. (1977). Special boundary roles in the innovation process. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(4), 587-605. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392402
Tushman, M. L., & Scanlan, T. J. (1981). Boundary spanning individuals: Their role in information transfer and their antecedents. Academy of Management Journal, 24(2), 289-305. https://doi.org/10.2307/255842
Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. The Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), 233-261. https://doi.org/10.1086/466942
Downloads
Posted
Submitted: 2025-07-02 17:20:01 UTC
Published: 2025-07-04 04:38:57 UTC
License
Copyright (c) 2025
Chihiro TSUJIMURA

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.