The effects of asymmetric optimism and pessimism on time consciousness
An analysis of the relationship between optimism, pessimism and time management and procrastination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.785Keywords:
time management, procrastination, optimism, pessimismAbstract
In this study, a new perspective on the time-related concepts of time management and procrastination was analyzed by conducting a survey in which optimism and pessimism were treated as distinct concepts. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that time management is influenced by optimism, but little relationship with pessimism was detected. However, procrastination was found to be affected by both optimism and pessimism. In addition, Correlation analysis by time component factors showed that time prediction was positively correlated with optimism in time management, while planned behavior was somewhat correlated with pessimism. These results suggest that analyzing each of them as different concepts provides further insights by analyzing them from a multifaceted relationship. Furthermore, the results indicate that not only optimism but also pessimism plays a vital role in the achievement of things.
Conflicts of Interest Disclosure
I have no conflict of interest related to this paper to disclose.Downloads *Displays the aggregated results up to the previous day.
References
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is stronger than good. Review of general psychology, 5(4), 323-370. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323
Bell, D. E., Raiffa, H., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1988). Decision making: Descriptive, normative, and prescriptive interactions. Cambridge University Press.
Brown, N. J., Sokal, A. D., & Friedman, H. L. (2013). The complex dynamics of wishful thinking: the critical positivity ratio. American Psychologist, 68(9), 801–813. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032850
Carroll, P., Sweeny, K., & Shepperd, J. A. (2006). Forsaking optimism. Review of general psychology, 10(1), 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.10.1.56
Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). From Nobel Prize to project management: Getting risks right. Project management journal, 37(3), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/875697280603700302
Fox, E. (2012). Rainy brain, sunny brain: The new science of optimism and pessimism. Random House.
Francis-Smythe, J. A., (2006). Time Management. Timing the future: The case for a time-based prospective memory, In J. Glicksohn, & M. Myslobodsky (Eds.). World Scientific Publishing, (pp. 143–170). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812707123_0006
Francis-Smythe, J. A., & Robertson, I. T. (1999). On the relationship between time management and time estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 90(3), 333–347.
https://doi.org/10.1348/000712699161459
Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Updated thinking on positivity ratios. American Psychologist, 68(9), 814–822. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033584
Gottman, J. (2012). Why marriages succeed or fail. A&C Black.
Hecht, D. (2013). The neural basis of optimism and pessimism. Experimental neurobiology, 22(3), 173. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2013.22.3.173
Hayashi J. (2007). Jeneraru purokurasutineshon sukeru nihongoban no sakusei no kokoromi. [Development of japanese version of general procrastination scale]. Pasonaritei kenkyu [Japanese journal of personality], 15(2), 246-248 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.2132/personality.15.246
Imura, T., Takamura, M., Okazaki, Y., & Tokunaga, S. (2016). Jikan kanri shakudo no sakusei to jikan kanri ga shinriteki sutoresu hanno ni oyobosu eikyo no kento. [Construction of the time management scale and examination of the influence of time management on psychological stress response]. Shinrigaku kenkyu [The Japanese Journal of Psychology], 87(4), 374-383 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.87.15212
Jarque, C. M., & Bera, A. K. (1980). Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals. Economics letters, 6(3), 255-259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(80)90024-5
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
Koch, C. J., & Kleinmann, M. (2002) A stitch in time saves nine: Behavioural decision-making explanations for time management problems., European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11, 199-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320244000120
Kruger, J., & Evans, M. (2004). If you don't want to be late, enumerate: Unpacking reduces the planning fallacy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(5), 586-598.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2003.11.001
Lay, C. H., Edwards, J. M., Parker, J. D., & Endler, N. S. (1989). An assessment of appraisal, anxiety, coping, and procrastination during an examination period. European Journal of Personality, 3(3), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2410030305
Masuda,H. (2010). Sakinobashi ni kansuru shinrigakuteki kento: Kojintokusei to kyakkanteki, shukanteki chien no kankei. [The cause of procrastination: A preliminary study on relationships between personal attributes and objective and subjective planning falacy]. Hiroshimashudai ronshu. [Studies in the Humanities and Sciences (Hiroshima Shudo University)], 51, 59–70 (in Japanese).
Narita, K., Shimonaka, Y., Nakazato, K., Kawaai, C., Sato, S., & Osada, Y. (1995). Tokuseiteki jiko koryokukan shakudo no kento: Shogai hattatsuteki riyo no kanosei wo saguru. [A Japanese version of the generalized self-efficacy scale - Scale utility from the life-span perspective]. Kyoiku shinrigaku kenkyu. [Japanese journal of educational psychology], 43(3), 306-314 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.43.3_306
Norem, J. K., & Cantor, N. (1986). Anticipatory and post hoc cushioning strategies: Optimism and defensive pessimism in “risky” situations. Cognitive therapy and research 10, 347–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173471
Seligman, M. E. P. (1990). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4(3), 219–247.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
Sharot, T. (2011). The optimism bias: A tour of the irrationally positive brain. Pantheon/Random House.
Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Toyama, M. (2013). Rakkansei, hikansei shakudo no sakusei narabini shinraisei, datosei no kento. [Development of the Japanese Optimism and Pessimism Scale: Reliability and validity]. Shinrigaku kenkyu. [The Japanese Journal of Psychology], 84(3), 256–266 (in Japanese).
https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.84.256
Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 806–820. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
Downloads
Posted
Submitted: 2024-06-28 02:12:56 UTC
Published: 2024-07-03 09:17:35 UTC
License
Copyright (c) 2024
Jun Takahashi
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.