DOI: https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2022-040
The relative roles of the sea surface temperature over the Pacific Meridional Mode and Indian Ocean on tropical cyclone genesis over the North Pacific in super El Niño of 2015
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.71Keywords:
tropical cyclone, El Niño, Pacific Meridional Mode, monsoon trough, vertical shearAbstract
This study reveals the relative roles of the sea surface temperature (SST) over the Indian Ocean (IO) and the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) on tropical cyclone genesis (TCG) in the North Pacific (NP) by focusing on super El Niño event that occurred in 2015. We used the global non-hydrostatic model and conducted perpetual experiments as control for 30 months taking the climatological conditions of July 2015 to examine the sensitivities of SST in the IO and in the region of the PMM to TCG over NP. We showed that if the SST over the PMM region is warmer, the monsoon trough in the western North Pacific (WNP) and vertical wind shear over the Eastern North Pacific (ENP) become weaker, causing reduced TCG in the WNP and increased TCG in the ENP. We also showed that if the SST over the IO is warmer, the monsoon trough in the western North Pacific (WNP) become weaker, although the vertical wind shear over the ENP doesn’t become weaker. We found that with an increase in the SST in the IO or the PMM region, the anticyclonic anomalies over the WNP are intensifying. We confirmed that if the SST is warmer over the PMM region in the absence of the El Niño forcing, the cyclonic anomalies over the WNP is intensifying as in previous studies. Non-linearity was found for the forcing over the PMM region and the El Niño region.
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Published: 2022-05-18 01:48:20 UTC
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Takahiro Ishiyama
Masaki Satoh
Yohei Yamada
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