Commentary: Immune imprinting and spike protein toxicity—rethinking COVID-19 vaccinesty: rethinking COVID-19 vaccines

Abstract

This commentary examines recent epidemiological evidence on excess mortality in Japan, particularly in relation to repeated booster vaccinations using Omicron-adapted mRNA vaccines. Drawing on the findings of References 2 and 3, we highlight a concerning shift in vaccine impact: while earlier doses of Wuhan-based vaccines were associated with reduced mortality, later booster doses of Omicron-adapted vaccines correlated with increased excess deaths. We explore the potential role of immune imprinting in weakening neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron spike proteins, which may result in the prolonged circulation of unbound spike proteins and related adverse events. In light of these observations, we call for a re-evaluation of current booster strategies and advocate for a more individualized, risk-based approach to future COVID-19 vaccine policies.