プレプリント / バージョン1

サリエンスをアフォーダンスとして捉え直す: 能動的推論の視点からの、精神病症状の異常サリエンス仮説への示唆

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.148

キーワード:

統合失調症、 妄想、 視覚サリエンス、 動機サリエンス、 能動的推論、 自由エネルギー原理

抄録

サリエンスという言葉には多義性がある。かたや「知覚サリエンス」では知覚的に周りと比べて目立つという特性を表しており、かたや「動機サリエンス」では物体に情動価を付与させる働きとして捉えられている。本論文では「知覚サリエンス」と「動機サリエンス」との関係を明確にすることを目的とする。このことは精神医学において提唱されているASHを精緻化できるという貢献があることが期待される。精神病症状の異常サリエンス仮説aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis (ASH)は精神病症状の発達から回復までを整合的に説明したものとして重要性が高い。しかし重要な問題点としてサリエンスという言葉が曖昧だという点がある。そこでこの論文ではまず現状でのサリエンスの定義を明確にするため、知覚サリエンスと動機サリエンスに分けて考える。そしてこのサリエンスをアフォーダンスとして捉える考え方がふたつの方向性 (心理学の哲学と情報理論的な脳のモデル(能動的推論))から支持されることを示す。このような視点からサリエンスを捉え直すことで、サリエンスはepistemic affordance, exploitive affordance, aversive affordanceに分類できる。このようにサリエンスを捉え直すことによって、ASHはより精緻なものとできる。つまりASHにおいては、epistemic affordanceとaversive affordance両方の亢進を考慮する必要がある。ここで前者は対象への接近を動機づけるが、後者は対象の回避を動機づける。このようなコンフリクトが患者を苦しめ、なんらかの認知的な解決を必要とする。このことはASHでの「サリエンスの誤帰属」という言葉からは見えてこない。最後に以上のことと脳部位との対応について議論し、さらに本論文で提案される考えの応用範囲について議論する。

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投稿日時: 2022-08-28 08:15:01 UTC

公開日時: 2022-09-01 02:22:55 UTC
研究分野
生物学・生命科学・基礎医学