Fetal Environment and Neurodevelopment: The Role of Maternal Immune System and Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kamiya, Sara; Sasaki, Tetsuya

doi:10.51094/jxiv.891

##article.authors##

Kamiya, Sara Laboratory of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
Sasaki, Tetsuya Laboratory of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-4417 https://researchmap.jp/tsasak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.891

キーワード:

Autism Spectrum Disorder、 Maternal Immune Activation、 Gut Microbiota、 Neurodevelopment、 Gut-Brain Axis

抄録

The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is increasing globally, making it urgent to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. While ASD is thought to result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, recent attention has focused on fetal environment, particularly maternal conditions. This review examines the roles of Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) and gut microbiota in ASD development. MIA influences fetal neurodevelopment through inflammatory cytokines, while alterations in gut microbiota affect brain function via the gut-brain axis. These factors interact, impacting various neurodevelopmental processes including synapse formation, neural circuit construction, and neurotransmitter balance. Recent studies also report effects on epigenetics and mitochondrial function. These findings suggest possibilities for early ASD diagnosis and novel therapeutic approaches. Further research in this field is expected to contribute to improving the quality of life for individuals with ASD and their families.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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