伊予灘(瀬戸内海)上における降雪帯の形成機構
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.6440キーワード:
降雪帯、 数値シミュレーション、 大気境界層スキーム、 地形効果抄録
冬季モンスーンに伴う寒気流出時には、瀬戸内海の伊予灘上に局地的な帯状の降雪域が形成されることがあり、愛媛県中部の沿岸域に大きな雪害をもたらす可能性がある。しかし、その形成機構はこれまで明らかになっていなかった。本研究では、2022年12月22~23日に発生した大雪事例を対象として、気象庁現業非静力学モデルASUCAを用いた高解像度数値シミュレーションにより、その形成機構を調べた。水平格子間隔(500 mおよび1 km)と大気境界層スキーム(Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino level-3およびDeardorff)を変更した感度実験の結果、500 m格子間隔とDeardorffスキームを組み合わせた実験が、観測された帯状の降雪域と愛媛県中部沿岸の降雪ピーク分布を最も良く再現した。観測との一致が最も良い実験結果を詳細に解析したところ、強い寒気流出時に、関門海峡を挟む両側の地形によって気流が偏向されることで、下層の北西風および西風が形成され、それらが伊予灘上で収束することが明らかになった。この収束によって生じた上昇流が下層の水蒸気を上方へ輸送し、顕著な降雪帯の形成につながった。地形改変実験からも、両側の地形による気流の遮蔽が、この形成機構に不可欠であることが確認された。
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