生体細胞における誘電破壊 第1部:ミトコンドリア膜界面における放電現象としてのマイトフラッシュ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.6130キーワード:
ミトコンドリア、 マイトフラッシュ、 誘電破壊、 コロナ放電、 スーパーオキシドフラッシュ、 pHフラッシュ、 活性酸素種、 マトリックス膨潤、 クリステ、 ミトコンドリア膜電位抄録
ミトコンドリア内膜は5ナノメートル(nm)というナノスケールの脂質二重層で構成されているにもかかわらず、約26 MV/m(130 mV / 5 nm)という並外れた電界強度を維持しています。重要なことに、この数値は水の誘電破壊の下限閾値の範囲に直接合致しています。
バルク(バルク液体)中において、誘電破壊は電位の崩壊、ラジカルの生成、光の放出(発光)、そして衝撃圧力波といった、ほぼ同時に起こる一連の二次的現象を瞬時に引き起こします。極めて重要なのは、これと並行する一連の現象がミトコンドリアの「マイトフラッシュ(mitoflash)」を特徴づけている点です。マイトフラッシュは、過渡的な膜の脱分極(マイトフリッカー)、超酸化物(スーパーオキシド)ラジカルのバースト、マトリックスpHの上昇、そして局所的なマトリックスの膨潤として現れます。
この類似性に基づき、本論文はマイトフラッシュが物理的には「水の誘電破壊」を現していると提案します。特筆すべき点として、この仮説は従来のモデルでは解決できなかった生体エネルギー論のアノマリー(異常現象)――具体的には、脱分極フェーズ中に同時に発生するスーパーオキシド/pHのフラッシュ、および局所的なマトリックス膨潤――に対して、さらなる説明を与えることができます。
本モデルは支配的な生物学的教義(定説)から外れるため、実証的に検証可能な実験フレームワークに特に重点を置いています。このフレームワークには以下のものが含まれます。
- 微小な局所(離散的な軌跡)から拡大する放電で予測される連続的な伝播を追跡するための高解像度イメージング
- マトリックスを模した電解液中でのコロナ放電の再構成
- ストリーマ(放電路)内での水分子解離のスペクトル特性を検出するための発光分光法(光放出分光法)
最終的に、このパラダイムは誘電破壊の物理学と生体膜のダイナミクスを統合する、偽証可能な(実験で検証できる)代替フレームワークを提供するものです。
利益相反に関する開示
本研究に関して、開示すべき利益相反はない。ダウンロード *前日までの集計結果を表示します
引用文献
Aklima, J., Onojima, T., Kimura, S., Umiuchi, K., Shibata, T., Kuraoka, Y., Oie, Y., Suganuma, Y., & Ohta, Y. (2021). Effects of matrix pH on spontaneous transient depolarization and reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, Article 692776.
An, W., Baumung, K., & Bluhm, H. (2007). Underwater streamer propagation analyzed from detailed measurements of pressure release. Journal of Applied Physics, 101(5), Article 053302.
Azarias, G., & Chatton, J.-Y. (2011). Selective ion changes during spontaneous mitochondrial transients in intact astrocytes. PLoS ONE, 6(12), Article e28505.
Breckwoldt, M. O., Pfister, F. M. J., Bradley, P. M., Marinković, P., Williams, P. R., Brill, M. S., Plomer, B., Schmalz, A., St Clair, D. K., Naumann, R., Griesbeck, O., Schwarzländer, M., Godinho, L., Bareyre, F. M., Dick, T. P., Kerschensteiner, M., & Misgeld, T. (2014). Multiparametric optical analysis of mitochondrial redox signals during neuronal physiology and pathology in vivo. Nature Medicine, 20(5), 555–560.
Buckman, J. F., & Reynolds, I. J. (2001). Spontaneous changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(14), 5054–5065.
Cadenas, E., Boveris, A., & Chance, B. (1980). Low-level chemiluminescence of bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Biochemical Journal, 186(3), 659–667.
Dauphin, L., Martin, J., & Rousseau, B. (2025). High-resolution imaging of the electrochemical interface by operando fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. Chemical & Biomedical Imaging, 3(10), 672–680.
Duchen, M. R., Leyssens, A., & Crompton, M. (1998). Transient mitochondrial depolarizations reflect focal sarcoplasmic reticular calcium release in single rat cardiomyocytes. The Journal of Cell Biology, 142(4), 975–988.
Feng, G., Liu, B., Li, J., Cheng, T., Huang, Z., Wang, X., & Cheng, H. (2019). Mitoflash biogenesis and its role in the autoregulation of mitochondrial proton electrochemical potential. Journal of General Physiology, 151(6), 727–737.
Fenneman, D. B., & Gripshover, R. J. (1980). Experiments on electrical breakdown in water in the microsecond regime. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, PS-8(3), 209–213.
Gong, G., Liu, X., Zhang, H., Sheu, S. S., & Wang, W. (2015). Mitochondrial flash as a novel biomarker of mitochondrial respiration in the heart. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 309(7), H1166–H1177.
Gurevich, A. V., & Zybin, K. P. (2005). Runaway breakdown and the mysteries of lightning. Physics Today, 58(5), 37–43.
Hou, T., Wang, X., Ma, Q., & Cheng, H. (2014). Mitochondrial flashes: New insights into mitochondrial ROS signalling and beyond. The Journal of Physiology, 592(17), 3703–3713.
Jones, H. M., & Kunhardt, E. E. (1995). Pulsed dielectric breakdown of pressurized water and salt solutions. Journal of Applied Physics, 77(2), 795–805.
Joshi, R. P., & Thagard, S. M. (2013). Streamer-like electrical discharges in water: Part I. Fundamental mechanisms. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 33(1), 1–15.
Kanazawa, S., Ichihashi, Y., Watanabe, S., Akamine, S., Ichiki, R., Ohkubo, T., Sato, T., Kocik, M., & Mizeraczyk, J. (2012). Observation of liquid–gas phase dynamics from pre-breakdown to post-discharge in a single-shot underwater pulsed discharge. International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science and Technology, 6(1), 49–54.
Lane, N., & Martin, W. (2010). The energetics of genome complexity. Nature, 467(7318), 929–934.
Lee, H., & Yoon, Y. (2014). Transient contraction of mitochondria induces depolarization through the inner membrane dynamin OPA1 protein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 289(17), 11862–11872.
Lesaint, O., & Top, T. V. (2002). Streamer initiation in mineral oil. Part I: Electrode surface effect under impulse voltage. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 9(1), 84–91.
Locke, B. R., Sato, M., Sunka, P., Hoffmann, M. R., & Chang, J.-S. (2006). Electrohydraulic discharge and nonthermal plasma for water treatment. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45(3), 882–905.
Locke, B. R., & Thagard, S. M. (2012). Analysis and review of chemical reactions and transport processes in pulsed electrical discharge plasma formed directly in liquid water. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 32(5), 875–917.
Loew, L. M., Tuft, R. A., Carrington, W., & Fay, F. S. (1993). Imaging in five dimensions: Time-dependent membrane potentials in individual mitochondria. Biophysical Journal, 65(6), 2396–2407.
Ma, Q., Fang, H., Shang, W., Liu, L., Xu, Z., Ye, T., Wang, X., Zheng, M., Chen, Q., & Cheng, H. (2011). Superoxide flashes: Early mitochondrial signals for oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(31), 27573–27581.
McBride, M. J., Chapa-Dubocq, X. R., Rodriguez-Graciani, K. M., Porter, R. K., & Javadov, S. (2019). Skeletal muscle mitoflashes, pH, and the role of uncoupling protein-3. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 662, 19–27.
Miyaguchi, K. (2026). Dielectric breakdown in biological cells, Part 2: A potential core role for electrons in ATP synthesis [Manuscript submitted for publication]. Independent researcher.
Poburko, D., Santo-Domingo, J., & Demaurex, N. (2011). Dynamic regulation of the mitochondrial proton gradient during cytosolic calcium elevations. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(13), 11672–11684.
Pouvreau, S. (2010). Superoxide flashes in mouse skeletal muscle are produced by discrete arrays of active mitochondria operating coherently. PLoS ONE, 5(9), Article e13035.
Qian, J., Joshi, R. P., Schoenbach, K. H., Laroussi, M., Schamiloglu, E., & Christodoulou, C. G. (2002). Percolative model of electric breakdown in liquid dielectrics. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 30(5), 1931-1938.
Rond, C., Desse, J. M., Fagon, N., Aubert, X., Er, M., Vega, A., & Duten, X. (2018). Time-resolved diagnostics of a pin-to-pin pulsed discharge in water: Pre-breakdown and breakdown analysis. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 51(33), Article 335201.
Rond, C., Fagon, N., Dufour, B., Nguyen, S. T., Vega, A., & Duten, X. (2022). Microsecond electrical breakdown in water: Advances using emission analysis and cavitation bubble theory. Molecules, 27(3), Article 662.
Rosselin, M., Santo-Domingo, J., Bermont, F., Giacomello, M., & Demaurex, N. (2017). L-OPA1 regulates mitoflash biogenesis independently from membrane fusion. EMBO Reports, 18(3), 451–463.
Sahni, M., & Locke, B. R. (2006). Quantification of reductive species produced by high-voltage electrical discharges in water. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 3(4–5), 342–354.
Santo-Domingo, J., Giacomello, M., Poburko, D., Scorrano, L., & Demaurex, N. (2013). OPA1 promotes pH flashes that spread between contiguous mitochondria without matrix protein exchange. The EMBO Journal, 32(13), 1927–1940.
Schwarzländer, M., Logan, D. C., Fricker, M. D., & Sweetlove, L. J. (2011). The circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein cpYFP that has been used as a superoxide probe is highly responsive to pH but not to superoxide in mitochondria: Implication for the existence of superoxide ‘flashes’. The Biochemical Journal, 437(3), 381–387.
Schwarzländer, M., Logan, D. C., Johnston, I. G., Jones, N. S., Meyer, A. J., Fricker, M. D., & Sweetlove, L. J. (2012). Pulsing of membrane potential in individual mitochondria: A stress-induced mechanism to regulate respiratory bioenergetics in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell, 24(3), 1181–1201.
Shih, K.-Y., & Locke, B. R. (2009). Effects of electrode protrusion length, pre-existing bubbles, solution conductivity, and temperature on liquid-phase pulsed electrical discharge. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 6(11), 729–740.
Shih, K.-Y., & Locke, B. R. (2011). Optical and electrical diagnostics of the effects of conductivity on liquid-phase electrical discharge. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 39(3), 883–892.
Wang, W., Fang, H., Groom, L., Cheng, A., Zhang, W., Liu, J., Wang, X., Li, K., Han, P., & Zheng, M. (2008). Superoxide flashes in single mitochondria. Cell, 134(2), 279–290.
Wei, L., & Dirksen, R. T. (2012). Mitochondrial superoxide flashes: From discovery to new controversies. Journal of General Physiology, 139(6), 425–434.
Wei-LaPierre, L., Gong, G., Gerstner, B. J., Ducreux, S., Yule, D. I., Pouvreau, S., Wang, X., Sheu, S.-S., Cheng, H., Dirksen, R. T., & Wang, W. (2013). Respective contribution of mitochondrial superoxide and pH to mt-cpYFP flash activity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288(15), 10567–10577.
Wolf, D. M., Segawa, M., Kondadi, A. K., Anand, R., Bailey, S. T., Reichert, A. S., van der Bliek, A. M., Shackelford, D. B., Liesa, M., & Shirihai, O. S. (2019). Individual cristae within the same mitochondrion display different membrane potentials and are functionally independent. The EMBO Journal, 38(22), Article e101056.
ダウンロード
公開済
投稿日時: 2026-08-18 11:58:54 UTC
公開日時: 2026-08-24 01:47:35 UTC
ライセンス
Copyright(c)2026
Miyaguchi, Katsuyuki
この作品は、Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licenseの下でライセンスされています。
