A Four-Mode Model of Cosmic Evolution Based on the Time Mode

Energy Allocation and Cyclic Evolution among Time, Space, Dynamics, and Matter

抄録

Modern physics generally treats time either as a coordinate of spacetime or as an external parameter used to describe the evolution of physical systems. This paper proposes an alternative theoretical framework in which time is treated as one of four fundamental modes constituting the universe. The proposed Four-Mode Model consists of the time, space, dynamics, and matter modes, and regards the universe as a closed dynamical energy system.

The energy allocated to each mode is represented by a state variable, and the global state of the universe is represented by a four-component state vector. To distinguish the mathematical ordering of state changes from internally generated physical time, an evolution parameter is introduced. Energy transfers among the modes are described by five prescribed energy flows, and a set of coupled state evolution equations is constructed under the constraint of global energy conservation. A minimal linear flow model and a threshold-based regeneration rule are then introduced.

On this basis, the paper presents a cyclic evolutionary scenario consisting of a time-mode-dominated initial state, formation of the space mode, auxiliary initial spatial fluctuations, formation of the dynamics and matter modes, a quasi-steady stage, cosmic contraction, and regeneration of the time mode. The model interprets cosmic evolution not as the creation or destruction of total energy, but as the evolving allocation of conserved energy among the four modes. The resulting framework is presented as a minimal theoretical model for cyclic cosmic evolution rather than as a completed or observationally validated cosmological theory.