揺らぐ真空と動く界面：ナノ光学理論のレンズを通して

大上, 能悟

doi:10.51094/jxiv.4291

##article.authors##

大上, 能悟特定国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-9216 https://researchmap.jp/ouedaigo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.4291

キーワード:

量子光学、ファンデルワールス効果、カシミール効果、量子電磁力学

抄録

We present a theoretical overview of force generation induced by vacuum. Within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, electromagnetic field correlations are determined by the material response functions and dyadic Green’s functions, providing a unified description of fluctuation-induced phenomena. While conventional forces such as van der Waals and Casimir–Polder interactions arise from equilibrium fluctuations associated with dissipative channels, nonequilibrium conditions can activate gain-related channels, leading to qualitatively different effects. We highlight how such nonequilibrium fluctuations generate asymmetric momentum transfer and novel forces. As representative examples, we discuss quantum friction between moving bodies, where Doppler-shift-induced gain leads to shear forces, and Hall- like forces driven by chiral gain in current-driven low-symmetry media, where polarisation-selective amplification combined with spin–momentum locking produces transverse forces. These results illustrate that vacuum fluctuations can be actively engineered through nanoscale material responses, opening new possibilities for fluctuation-induced force control.

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