北海道十勝地方における外来種アライグマの種分布モデルの構築と検証
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.2424キーワード:
外部評価、 決定係数、 空間マッピング、 撮影個体数、 特定外来生物抄録
侵略的外来種は、生物多様性の喪失や経済的損失、人間の健康に影響を及ぼし、世界的な問題となっている。種の分布や個体数を環境要因によって予測する種分布モデル(SDM)は、保全生態学や生態系管理において広く用いられ、外来種に対しても頻繁に適用されている。しかし、SDMの精度検証は学習データ自体を用いた評価が多く、別途検証データを用いて評価した事例は限られる。アライグマは北米原産の中型食肉類で、ペットとして輸入され日本国内で野生化、定着している。本種は、在来種の捕食、農作物の食害、感染症を媒介する寄生虫の運搬等、多くの影響が懸念され、特定外来生物に指定されている。本種の有効な防除を進める上でSDMの活用が期待され、SDMにより得られる生息適地マップは意思決定プロセスや管理計画の策定に役立つ可能性がある。そこで、本研究では、北海道十勝地方において、自動撮影カメラによって得られたアライグマの撮影個体数を学習データとしたSDMを構築し、検証データによりその精度を評価した。学習データは計59地点において、検証データは計19地点において自動撮影カメラを設置し、撮影個体数を算出することで収集した。学習データにより一般化線形モデル(GLM)、一般化加法モデル(GAM)及びランダムフォレスト(RF)を用いてSDMを構築し、目的変数をアライグマ撮影個体数、説明変数を森林面積率、林縁長合計、河川長合計、道路長合計、年最高気温、年降水量、年降雪量とした。モデルの精度指標には決定係数を使用し、学習データ自体で算出したR2train、検証データで算出したR2testを算出し、その差としてR2gapを算出した。解析の結果、森林面積率、道路長合計、年最高気温及び年降水量を説明変数としたGLMがベストモデルとして選択され、その精度指標はR2train=31.3%、R2test=42.5%及びR2gap=11.2%であった。本研究では、内部評価と外部評価を併用することで、一定の信頼性があるモデルを構築することができたと考えられた。また、北海道十勝地方のようにアライグマが分布拡大期~蔓延期にある地域では、本研究で構築したような撮影個体数を予測するSDMが地域レベルの意思決定プロセスや管理計画の策定において有用であると考えられる。
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投稿日時: 2026-02-10 00:18:06 UTC
公開日時: 2026-03-16 02:37:44 UTC
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玉田, 祐介
有松, 洋希
厚芝, 源太郎
石川, 博規
浅利, 裕伸
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