Anxiety-causing alleles may confer evolutionary advantages not in very dangerous but in moderately stressful environments

Kenta Motoyashiki; Motohide Seki

doi:10.51094/jxiv.1267

##article.authors##

Kenta Motoyashiki Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University
Motohide Seki Faculty of Design, Kyushu University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1267

キーワード:

5-HTTLPR、 Depression、 Anxiety、 Evolutionary medicine、 Mathematical biology、 VMAT1

抄録

Evolutionary biologists have hypothesized that humans have evolved to experience excessive emotional pain, leading to anxiety and depression, for certain adaptive reasons. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that several stress-sensitive alleles coexist with relatively stress-insensitive wild-type alleles at higher frequencies in Eurasia than in Africa. However, the selection pressure that has shaped this geographic gradient remains a subject of debate. Additionally, the relationships between stress sensitivity, anxiety, and depression remain ambiguous. In this study, we developed three models (anxiety, depression, and combined models) capturing the dynamics of a stress-sensitive allele frequency in a prehistoric human population to examine the mechanisms maintaining polymorphism. The outcomes of the three evolutionary models suggest that stress-sensitive alleles are favored and that a stable polymorphism is possible in a moderate environment, not in a very dangerous environment. These findings further substantiate the notion that anxiety and depression share genetic factors.

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