企業内能力開発が従業員の離職意思に及ぼす影響
人的資本経営の推進に向けた課題の検証
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.1182キーワード:
エンプロイアビリティ、 エンプロイアビリティ・パラドックス、 雇用不安、 知覚された組織的支援(POS)、 日本企業抄録
近年、わが国において人的資本経営の動きが加速している。人的資本経営とは、企業において従業員の能力開発を推進し、それを企業業績に繋げていくことを意味している。しかし、従業員の能力開発の推進は、企業の費用を増加させるものであり、また、それにより従業員の離職を促進してしまうことも懸念される。そこで本研究では、企業が実施する能力開発が従業員の離職意思にどのような影響を及ぼすのかを検討した。日本企業の従業員435名のデータを収集し、能力開発から離職意思への影響およびその影響プロセスの解明に向けて、当該データをもとに重回帰分析と共分散構造分析を実施した。分析の結果、能力開発は従業員の離職意思を低減させる(エンプロイアビリティ・パラドックスは生じない)ことが明らかにされた。また、その影響プロセスについては、能力開発により外的エンプロイアビリティが高まることで離職意思が促進される、しかし外的エンプロイアビリティが雇用不安を媒介して離職意思を低減させるという影響もある、一方、能力開発によりPOS(知覚された組織的支援)が高まることで離職意思が低減される、ことが明らかにされた。この結果を踏まえ、今後に向けて、日本企業は意識的に能力開発を推進していくことが重要と考えられる。
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